人教版高中英语新教材选择性必修一Unit 4同步听力和翻译(含Workbook部分)

*课文文本和翻译*

LISTENING TO HOW BODIES TALK

听听肢体是怎么说话的

We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings.

在与他人的交往中，我们用话语和肢体语言来表达自己的思想和观点。通过观察人们的肢体语言，我们可以洞察他们的想法。话语十分重要，但是人们站立、双手抱臂和移动双手的姿势，也能为我们提供有关他们情感的信息。

Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.

不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言，这与口头语言相似。使用肢体语言时，最重要的是要符合你所处的文化。例如，在一些国家，眼神交流(即直视某人的眼睛)是表示兴趣的一种方式。相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。例如，在许多中东国家，社交上不允许男性和女性进行眼神交流。在日本，与年长者交谈时，目光下垂表示敬重。

The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite.

“OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有着不同的含义。在日本，一个人看到另外一个人使用这一手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。在法国，看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。 然而，在巴西和德国，你应该避免作出这一手势，因为这是一个被视为不礼貌的手势。

Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no”, and nodding means“yes”. By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else.

即便是用于表示肯定和否定的身势语，在世界各地也不尽相同。在许多国家，摇头表示否定，点头表示肯定。相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部地区，这两个身势语的含义截然相反。在身体接触方式、站着交谈时双方的距离、见面和告别的动作方面，也有很多差异。在法国、俄罗斯等国，朋友见面时会相互亲吻脸颊。在其他地区，与别人见面时，人们更喜欢握手、鞠躬或点头。

Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal.

有些手势似乎在任何地方含义都相同。双手合十放在头部的一侧，同时闭上你的眼睛，意为“睡觉”。表示“我吃饱了”的一个好方式，就是在饭后用手在肚子上画圈。

Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can breakdown barriers. We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.

某些肢体语言有着许多不同的用处。也许最佳的例子就是微笑了。微笑可以帮助我们摆脱困境，在陌生的世界里找到朋友。微笑可以打破隔阂。我们可以用微笑来道歉、问候他人、寻求帮助或主动攀谈。专家建议，我们应该对着镜子微笑，让自己感到更加快乐和坚强。当我们感到沮丧或孤单时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。

***Watch Video Smile Trial (Page 39)***

，时长02:01

--视频脚本--

SMILE TRIAL

Do you think you are able to pick out the fake smile?

If you picked the one on the left, you're correct.

Okay. let's try another round. Which smile is fake?

Surprised? It's harder than you thought, right?

If you didn’t get these correct, you're not alone. We wanted to see if the average person could spot a fake smile, so we brought this game to the park

“That one's fake.” And found that people only get it right about half the time.

“Yeah. I think that one's real.”

“It’s really hard to tell.”

“Yeah. I don’t know.”

“Unless you know how smiles actually work. There is a term, okay? It's called the Duchenne Smile. Duchennne Smile means it's a real smile. A real smile involves the muscles around the eyes being a part of the smile.”

Guillaume Duchenne was a French scientist who wanted to learn more about facial expressions so he used electrical stimulation to create a fake smile. Then he compared it to a real one by telling his subject a joke and the difference was striking. What he discovered is that a real smile causes the muscles around your eyes to contract, creating tell-tale crinkles.

Now that you know the trick, let's see if you can pick out the fake smile.

Which smile is real? The right, or the left?

The eyes are a dead giveaway, right? The smile on the left is genuine

Wanna try another one?

What do you think? See how the skin around the eyes scrunches up involuntarily? The left smile is real.

Okay, one more. But it's a little trickier

Which smile is real? The right or the left?

Can you see how the skin around her eyes wrinkled up just a tiny bit more on the right? That's the real smile.

It's not surprising that real and fake smiles activate two different parts of the brain. A real smile involves the areas of the brain related to emotion.

***Using Language (Page 42)***

23 3 Listen to a conversation.mp3音频：00:00/01:57

24 4 Listen to the conversation again....mp3音频：00:00/01:56

*听力原文*

Woman: What were you doing just now? What did those gestures mean?

M an:Oh, I was just telling my friend over there to meet me for lunch down the street in twenty minutes.

Woman: Oh, I get it, so you were sending him secret hand signals.

Man: Yeah, we got the idea from an action movie last night and decided to try it out for fun. In the movie, the police were trying to enter a house, but they had to be really quiet so they could take the criminals by surprise. So, the police leader used hand gestures to tell his team what to do. For example, he used this gesture to tell them how many bad guys were in the house. Then he gave instructions on who should go where, and what they should do. I thought it was pretty cool how they used hand gestures to communicate.

Woman: Well, you know, you can say a lot without speaking. I’ve been taking acting classes, and right now we’re learning how to use body language to express ourselves

Man: Wow, that's cool So you mean you're not allowed to talk, right?

woman: Yes, and it's really difficult if they want you to express something complicated without saying a word. But I'm slowly getting better at it, I guess.

Man: That reminds me of those Charlie Chaplin movies. I guess it's not easy to tell a whole story only using body language.

Woman: Yeah, he was a real master. Everyone in my class loves his movies. We actually had to watch some of his movies and act out some scenes. I was such an amateur!

Man: Well, it's good you tried. Now, by your body language, I can tell that you want to buy me lunch tomorrow. Am I right?

*听力答案*

***Pronuncation (Pages 43)***

25 3 Listen to the texts above.mp3音频：00:00/01:53

***Using Language (Pages 43-44)***

26 1 Look at the questions.mp3音频：00:00/04:16

***课文文本和翻译***

HOW DO I KNOW MY STUDENTS?

我如何了解我的学生？

As an educator, people often ask me how I know what is going on in the minds of my students. Many students are quite shy and don’t speak all that much. At the same time, in a classroom of more than forty students, it is hard to have many one-on-one conversations with each person. So, how can I really know what makes each student tick?

作为一名教师，人们经常问我，我怎么知道自己的学生在想什么。许多学生相当害羞，所以他们的话并不那么多。同时，在一个有40多名学生的教室里，很难与每个人进行多次一对一的谈话。那么，我是如何搞清楚每个学生为何会这样的呢？

My answer? I look at their body language.

我的答案？我看他们的肢体语言。

It is easy to recognise when students are interested in a lesson. Most tend to look up and make eye contact. When I make a joke, they smile. When I talk about something difficult, they look confused. I know when students are really interested, however, because they lean forward and look at me. People have a tendency to lean towards whatever they are interested in. So if a student has his head lowered to look at his watch, it implies he is bored and just counting the minutes for the class to end. If two friends are leaning their heads together, they are probably writing notes to each other. Of course, not everyone who looks up is paying attention in class. Some students look up，but there is an absence of eye contact. Their eyes barely move, and they always have the same distant expression on their faces. It is as though they are asleep with their eyes open.

当学生对一堂课感兴趣时，很容易辨认出来。大多数人倾向于抬头和进行眼神交流。当我开玩笑时，他们会笑。当我谈论到难点时，他们看起来很困惑。不过，我知道学生们什么时候真正感兴趣，因为他们身体前倾看着我。人们往往倾向于自己感兴趣的东西。因此，如果一个学生低下头看表，这意味着他很无聊，只是在数着分钟等下课。如果两个朋友把头靠在一起，他们可能在互相写纸条。当然，不是每个抬头的人都专注于课堂。有些学生抬头看，但没有眼神交流。他们的眼睛几乎不动，脸上表情疏远呆滞，好像睁着眼睛在睡觉。

Some students are amused by something else. They spend all their time looking anywhere but at me. Then again, some students’ favourite activity is daydreaming. With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling. They are certainly interested in something, but who knows what. The main thing is reminding distracted students that they need to pay attention in class.

有些学生被别的东西逗乐了。他们把所有的时间都花在看我以外的地方。同样，一些学生最喜欢的是做白日梦。他们两手托着下巴，忙着盯窗外或天花板。他们当然对某事感兴趣，但谁知道是什么呢？主要的事情是提醒分心的学生在课堂上要注意听讲。

While it is easy to perceive when students are interested, bored, or distracted, it is sometimes much harder to distinguish when students are troubled. Students who are angry, afraid, or experiencing anxiety may have their arms crossed in front of their chests and their legs closed or crossed, like they are guarding their bodies. Students who are sad or worried will nearly always wear a frown. They may also hide their faces in their hands like they are embarrassed or ashamed. Some students act this way merely because they are afraid of being called on by the teacher. However，if a student does not bother to brush her hair and her eyes are red from weeping，then I can infer that there are deeper issues at work. It could be that she is having serious conflicts with other students or at home. Whatever it is, I know I need to inquire and assess what is going on.

尽管学生们何时(对讲课)感兴趣、何时感到无聊或精力不集中是容易察觉的，但要发现学生何时有困扰有时会难得多。生气、害怕或者焦虑的学生会双臂交叉抱在胸前，他们的腿并拢或交叉，就像他们在保护自己的身体。难过或担心的学生几乎总是愁眉不展。他们也会用手捂住脸好像很尴尬或羞愧。有些学生这样做仅仅是因为他们害怕被老师叫到。但是，要是学生都懒得梳头，并且两眼因哭泣而发红，那么我能够推断她遇到了更严重的问题。可能是她正和其他学生或家里人有很严重的矛盾。不管是什么，我知道我需要调查和评估所发生的事情。

Ultimately, my duty is helping every student to learn. Their body language lets me know when to adjust class activities, when to intervene, and when to talk to students individually, so they can all get the most out of school. Reacting to body language is an important component of being a teacher.

最后，我的职责是帮助每个学生学习。他们的肢体语言告诉我什么时候调整课堂活动，何时介入，何时与学生单独交谈，这样他们就能在学校里得到最大的回报。对肢体语言做出回应是做一个老师必不可少的环节。

***Video Time (Page 48)***

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--视频脚本--

***Workbook***

***Listening and Speaking (Page 84)***

27 1 Listen to a radio interview.mp3音频：00:00/02:04

28 2 Listen to the interview.mp3音频：00:00/02:00

***听力原文***

Woman: Today we are interviewing Max Snelling, who wrote a book about body language in the animal world. Hello, Max

Man: Hello.

Woman: In your book you talk about how animals use body language the same way as people do.

Man: That’s right. This is true of many animals. However, it is especially true of chimps.

Woman: In what way？

Man: Well, when we humans are worried or frightened, we sometimes smile in a nervous way. Chimps also look as though they are smiling when they are nervous.

Woman: Why is that?

Man: Perhaps they are trying to look friendly so an enemy will not hurt them. Now, what do we often do when we are angry?

Woman: We stand tall and put our hands on our sides. Sometimes we shout.

Man: Exactly. We want to look bigger and stronger. Chimps do the same thing—they stand up, move their arms around, throw things about, and make noise.

Woman: Just like we do.

Man: That's right

Woman: What about in family relationships?

Man: That's very interesting. Both chimp and human mothers hold their babies and kiss them. A similar thing is true for adults. To show that we accept and love each other, among our main expressions are hugging and kissing. When a stronger chimp frightens a smaller chimp, the smaller chimp will hold his head low. The bigger one will then touch him or kiss him to make him feel safe

Woman: So chimps are just like people!

Man: Or, were just like chimps.

--听力答案--

***Reading and writing (Page 85)***

29 unit 4 reading and writing.mp3音频：00:00/03:03

***课文文本和翻译***

ANIMAL BODY LANGUAGE

动物肢体语言

Human beings are not the only ones who communicate. Animals use body language to tell each other how they feel and what they think. Here is a quick look at how some of our animal friends send messages to us and to each other.

人类并不是唯一能够相互交流的。动物们也会用肢体语言来告诉对方它们的感觉和想法。下面简单介绍一下我们的一些动物朋友是如何向我们和彼此发送信息的。

Dogs use sounds, body movements, and their tails to communicate. When a dog is happy, its ears will stand up and its eyes will be wide open. The dog will start barking.，moving its tail, and running around in circles or jumping up and down to show you that it wants to play. A dog that is afraid will lay on its back and close its eyes. The dog may show its teeth and lower its body so that it is close to the ground. The dog may also shake, and it will put its tail between its legs. When a dog is angry, its main body language is showing its teeth and growling. The dog will try making itself look as big as possible.The tail will stand straight out from the body.

狗用声音、身体动作和尾巴来交流。狗高兴的时候，耳朵会竖起来，眼睛会睁得大大的。狗会开始叫，移动它的尾巴，绕着圈跑，或上下跳跃，告诉你它想玩。狗害怕时，就会躺下来，闭上眼睛，也可能会露出牙齿，弯下身体，接近地面，还会颤抖，它会把尾巴夹在两腿之间。当狗生气时，它的主要肢体语言是露出牙齿和咆哮。狗会试着让自己看起来尽可能的强大。尾巴会直接从身体里伸出来。

Elephants also use noises and body language to express themselves. An elephants sense of smell is highly developed. An elephant can smell how another elephant is feeling and even tell if it is sick. The elephant's nose, or trunk, is also used to make noises and to welcome other elephants. Different noises have a variety of meanings: they can mean"I am hungry", "I am angy",or"Good to see your"An elephants body language includes ear signals and gestures. If an elephant spreads its ears, it means "Watch out!"To show friendship, elephants will touch each other with their trunks and stand close to each other, putting their heads together.

大象发出杂音和用肢体语言来表达自己。大象的嗅觉非常发达。大象可以闻到另一只大象的感觉，甚至可以判断它是否生病。大象的鼻子，象鼻，也用来发出声音和欢迎其他大象。不同的声音有不同的含义：它们可以表示“我饿了”、“我很生气”或“很高兴见到你”。大象的肢体语言包括耳朵的信号和姿势。如果大象张开耳朵，它的意思是“小心！”为了表示友谊，大象会用鼻子互相触碰，并站得很近，把头凑在一起。

Dolphins are social animals. They live in groups and love showing each other their feelings. An angry dolphin will sometimes hit its tail on the surface of the water. The movement and noise let other dolphins know that something is wrong. If a dolphin wants to send a message over a long distance，or if it wants to show how strong it is, it will jump high out of the water and land on its side, making a loud noise. A dolphin’s favourite activity is leaping into the air while playing with its friends. When dolphins are tired and need to rest, they will swim in small groups close to the surface. If you see dolphins doing this, you should not disturb them.

海豚是善于社交的动物。他们群居，喜欢互相表达感情。愤怒的海豚有时会用尾巴击打水面。海豚的动作和噪音让其他海豚知道有些不对劲。如果海豚想远距离传递信息，或者想显示自己有多强壮，它会高高跃出水面，侧身落地，发出巨大的声响。海豚最喜欢的活动是跳到空中与朋友玩耍。当海豚感到疲劳需要休息时，它们会三五成群地靠近水面游来游去。如果你看到海豚这样做，就不要打扰他们。

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